第101期：邮轮公司——维京游轮

Viking (Viking Cruises) is a cruise line providing river, ocean, and expedition cruises. Its operating headquarters are in Basel, Switzerland, and its marketing headquarters are in Los Angeles, California.

维京(维京游轮)是一家提供内河游轮、海上邮轮和探险邮轮的邮轮公司。其运营总部位于瑞士巴塞尔，营销总部位于加州洛杉矶。

The company has three divisions, Viking River Cruises, Viking Ocean Cruises, and Viking Expeditions. As of February 2020, it operates a fleet of 76 river vessels and 6 ocean ships, offering cruises along the rivers and oceans of North and South America, the Caribbean, Europe, Russia, Egypt, China, and Southeast Asia.

该公司有三个业务部门，分别是维京游轮，维京海洋邮轮，和维京极地探险邮轮。截至2020年2月，其已拥有76艘内河游轮和6艘海洋邮轮，提供南北美洲、加勒比、欧洲、俄罗斯、埃及、中国和东南亚的河流和海洋的邮轮服务。

维京游轮20周年纪念宣传视频

Development

发展

The company was established by Torstein Hagen in St. Petersburg, Russia as Viking River Cruises in 1997. Hagen had become involved in cruising as a McKinsey and Co. consultant who helped the Holland America Line survive the 1973 oil crisis. In 1997, Hagen helped some Russian oligarchs buy a shipping company, and in exchange, they sold him four river cruise ships cheaply, which became the founding fleet of Viking River Cruises.

公司由Torstein Hagen于1997年在俄罗斯圣彼得堡成立，当时名为Viking RiverCruises。Hagen曾作为麦肯锡咨询公司的顾问参与了邮轮业务，Hagen顾问曾帮助荷兰美国航运公司度过1973年的石油危机，并短暂担任了该公司的首席执行官。1997年，哈根（Hagen）帮助了几位俄罗斯商人购买了一家航运公司，作为交换，他们以便宜的价格向其出售了四艘内河游轮，这便是维京河游轮的初始船队。

1997–2010: Rapid expansion

快速扩张

In 2000, Viking purchased KD River Cruises of Europe, which brought Viking's fleet total to 26, making it the largest river cruising fleet in the world. The company revamped the ships, aiming for its target demographic of older North Americans. The lack of frills, like gyms and pools, and the fleet's standardization also maximized the number of people the ships could accommodate and consequently, Viking's profit. Also that year, the company partnered with sales agents in the UK, and the US, and opened its own sales office in California. It hired its first marketing firm the next year, focusing on North America. The company expanded into China in 2004 with Yangtze River cruises. By 2007, it was operating 23 ships in Europe, Russia, and China. In 2009, Viking started to use ships with hybrid diesel-electric engines that the company claims use an estimated 20% less fuel than conventional engines.

2000年，维京游轮购买了欧洲的KD River Cruises，这使维京游轮的船队船舶总数达到26艘，这也使其成为世界上最大的内河游轮船队。公司对收购的老船进行了翻新，并以北美的老年人为目标人群。船上省去了体育馆和游泳池之类的设施，加上船队的标准化使得船只可以容纳的人数实现了最大化，这些举措使得维京从中获得了盈利。同年，维京与英国和美国的销售代理商合作，并在加利福尼亚州开设了自己的销售办事处。第二年，它聘请了第一家营销公司，并将市场重点放在北美。维京于2004年通过长江邮轮业务将市场扩展到中国。到2007年，它已在欧洲，俄罗斯和中国运营着23艘船。2009年，维京开始使用带有混合动力柴油发动机的船舶，据其声称其燃油消耗比传统发动机少20％。

2011–2019: Growth and modernization

成长和现代化

In 2011, the company planned a new phase of growth, started sponsoring PBS's Masterpiece Theatre, and made plans to add 40 ships of a new "longship" design to its fleet over a five-year period. The longship design maximized passenger capacity by squaring the bow and rearranging hallways. In May 2013, the company modified its name from Viking River Cruises to Viking Cruises as it announced the launch of Viking Ocean Cruises, a division of small, oceangoing vessels.

2011年，维京进入新的发展阶段，其开始赞助PBS的杰作剧院，并计划在五年内向其船队增加40艘采用新型“longship”设计的船只。“longship”型船舶是对船首进行方头调整和重并新布置了走廊从而实现乘客数量的最大化。2013年5月，维京宣布成立分公司Viking Ocean Cruises，将公司名称从Viking River Cruises改为Viking Cruises。

原始的“Longships”

In October 2017, Viking Cruises revealed it was working on a project to develop the world's first cruise ship powered by liquid hydrogen. Once developed, the ship would measure approximately 230 m (750 ft) long and accommodate 900 passengers and 500 crew members. The ship would share a similar design to the company's existing oceangoing vessels.

2017年10月，维京游轮公司(Viking Cruises)透露，公司正在研发世界上第一艘液态氢驱动的游轮。这艘船长约230米(750英尺)，可容纳900名乘客和500名船员。这艘船将与公司现有的远海邮轮采用相似的设计。

建造一艘维京“Longship”

By 2018, Viking Cruises had reached $3 billion in revenue and carried 440,000 passengers annually, employing more than 8,000 employees. That year, Viking Cruises announced it was working on its debut in the North American river cruising market after first suggesting the possibility in 2013. The company targeted a possible 2021 debut on the Mississippi River, for a projection of six vessels along the river by 2027. The vessels, built and chartered by Edison Chouest, would be designed five stories tall and accommodate around 400 passengers, at $90 million to $100 million each. Cruises would travel between New Orleans and Memphis, and between St. Louis and Saint Paul.

到2018年，维京游轮公司(Viking Cruises)的收入已达30亿美元，每年运载44万名乘客，员工达到8000名之多。同年，维京游轮公司宣布，该公司将进入北美内河游轮市场。2013年，维京游轮公司首次提出了这一可能性。公司的目标是2021年首次在密西西比河上亮相，预计到2027年将有6艘船在密西西比河上航行。船只由Edison Chouest建造并承租，设计为五层楼高，可容纳约400名乘客，每艘造价在9000万至1亿美元之间。游轮将在新奥尔良和孟菲斯之间、圣路易斯和圣保罗之间航行。

2020–present: Rebranding and new ventures

品牌重塑和新的尝试

In January 2020, the company shortened its name to Viking, citing the brand's added emphasis on destination-oriented enrichment and experiences. That same year, Viking also announced the launch of Viking Expeditions with a planned January 2022 debut. It would become the expeditions arm of the brand and operate small-ship trips to exotic destinations. 

2020年1月，该公司将其名字缩短为维京(Viking)，理由是该品牌更加强调目的地导向和体验。同年，维京号还宣布维京远征号了，计划于2022年1月首次亮相。它将成为该品牌的探险业务分支，并开启前往异国的小型邮轮之旅。

2020–2021 Viking World Cruise

| River cruises

Viking River Cruises offers cruising along the rivers of Europe, Russia, China, Southeast Asia and Egypt, with plans to expand into the United States of America along the Mississippi River in 2022. Viking's European ships have an average capacity of 190 passengers; its Russian ships' capacity averages just over 200 and its China ship carries up to 256. 

Viking River Cruises在欧洲，俄罗斯，中国，东南亚和埃及的河流提供航行之旅，并计划于2022年在密西西比河开展业务。维京的欧洲船只平均可容纳190名乘客；俄罗斯船只平均可容纳200名乘客，中国船只平均可容纳256名乘客。

| Ocean cruises

The Viking Ocean Cruises division was formed in 2013. It began operating its first vessel, Viking Star, in 2015, with itineraries in Scandinavia, the British Isles, the Baltic and Mediterranean Sea. Viking Sea joined the fleet in 2016; and its third and fourth ships, Viking Sky and Viking Sun, were added in 2017. Viking's fifth ocean vessel, Viking Orion, was added in June 2018. Its overall length is 745.4 ft. (227.2 m); its beam is 94.5 ft. (28.8 m); the draft is 20.7 ft. (6.3 m); with a gross tonnage of 47,800 GT. The four ships were built by Fincantieri shipyard in Ancona, Italy,  developed by London-based SMC Design and Los Angeles–based Rottet Studio.

Viking Ocean Cruises部门成立于2013年。它于2015年开始运营其第一艘船Viking Star，其航线分布于斯堪的纳维亚半岛，不列颠群岛，波罗的海和地中海地区。维京海洋号（Viking Sea）于2016年加入船队。2017年增加了第三艘和第四艘海盗船“ Viking Sky”和“ Viking Sun”。2018年6月增加了Viking的第五艘远洋邮轮Viking Orion。 它的总长度为745.4英尺（227.2 m）；其宽度为94.5英尺（28.8 m）；吃水深度20.7英尺（6.3米）; 总吨位为47,800 GT。这四艘船是由意大利安科纳的Fincantieri船厂建造的，由总部位于伦敦的SMC Design和总部位于洛杉矶的Rottet Studio开发。

Viking Ocean Cruising

In December 2017, Viking launched its first round-the-world cruise, which departed from Miami, and sailed south to head through the Panama Canal, and planned to visit five continents, 35 countries and 64 ports before ending its 141-day journey in London. In May 2018, Viking Cruises announced its intention to launch a new package called Ultimate World Cruise, which it claimed to be the longest continuous world cruise itinerary in history. Its most expensive package will cover 245 days on Viking Sun and will stop at 59 countries and 113 ports.

2017年12月，维京开启了首次环球航行，从迈阿密出发，向南航行穿过巴拿马运河，访问五大洲35个国家和64个港口，最后在伦敦结束其141天的旅程。2018年5月，维京邮轮公司(Viking Cruises)宣布打算推出名为“终极世界巡航”(Ultimate World Cruise)的新套餐，并称这是历史上持续时间最长的世界巡航旅程。其中最贵的套餐是在海盗太阳号上航行245天，停靠59个国家和113个港口。

| Expedition cruises

In October 2019, it was first reported that Viking Cruises was planning to launch Viking Expeditions, the expeditions arm to the business, in early 2020, with initial itineraries focusing on the polar regions of the Arctic Circle and Antarctica. In January 2020, Viking officially announced the launch of Viking Expeditions. Expedition trips would be performed on smaller vessels designed to navigate through smaller waterways while also being capable of travelling through sea, and reach destinations such as polar regions and North America's Great Lakes. Scheduled to begin operating its first vessel in January 2022, named Viking Octantis, and its second in August, named Viking Polaris, Viking Expeditions will also partner with scientists from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to conduct research along with its own expedition team.

2019年10月，首次报道维京游轮公司计划在2020年初推出维京探险邮轮公司，这是该公司的业务分支，其初始路线集中在北极圈和南极洲的极地地区。2020年1月，Viking正式宣布启动维京极地探险邮轮。探险之旅将在较小的船只上进行，这些船只的设计目的是在较小的水道上航行，同时还能够在海上航行，并到达极地地区和北美五大湖等目的地。Viking Expeditions计划于2022年1月开始运营其第一艘名为Viking Octantis的邮轮，第二艘为Viking Polaris。维京极地探险邮轮还将与美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）的科学家合作，共同进行科学考察。

维京游轮——极地探险邮轮

资料来源：

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking_Cruises

https://www.vikingcruises.com/about-us/history.html

视频来源：

https://www.vikingcruises.cn/brand/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QxKw68Xo4eI&feature=emb_title

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PBlt7-ETOq4&feature=emb_title

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=or9KwubIA8Y

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oNkE5anozOw&t=89s

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