第189期：邮轮港口——凯恩斯

Cairns is a major port city located on Trinity Bay, in northern Queensland, Australia. It is one of the coastal cities along the Great Barrier Reef. By annual cruise shipping traffic, Cairns is currently ranked Australia's 4th largest cruise port - after Sydney NSW, Brisbane QLD and Melbourne Victoria.

凯恩斯是一个主要的港口城市，位于澳大利亚昆士兰北部的三一湾。它是大堡礁沿岸的城市之一。按年度邮轮运输流量计算，凯恩斯目前是澳大利亚第四大邮轮港口，仅次于新南威尔士州的悉尼、布里斯班和维多利亚州的墨尔本。

Cairns is the southern gateway to the sparsely inhabited Cape York Peninsula. Queensland's wet tropics and the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, a couple of World Heritage Sites, are close to the city. Before 1879, when the city was established, the only inhabitants of this area were the Aborigines. The historic museum of Cairns reveals the traditions of this old Australian tribe. From Cairns, tourists can visit the Great Barrier Reef, take the rainforest train up to Kuranda, then return skimming over the trees below by Sky Train.

凯恩斯是通往人烟稀少的约克角半岛的南部门户。昆士兰的潮湿热带地区和大堡礁海洋公园，这两世界遗产地都离这座城市很近。1879年该市建立之前，该地区的唯一居民是土著人。凯恩斯历史博物馆展示了这个古老的澳大利亚部落的传统。从凯恩斯出发，游客可以参观大堡礁，乘坐热带雨林火车到达库兰达，然后乘天空火车返回，经过下面的树木。

In 1770, the British navigator Captain James Cook (1728-1779) named Trinity Bay after the Trinity Sunday (first Sunday after Pentecost). The region where is now Cairns was settled by Europeans in 1876 as a port for Hodkinson River goldfield 60 ml (100 km) inland. The settlement was named after William Wellington Cairns (1828-1888), a British colonial administrator (governor of Queensland in the mid 1870s).

1770年，英国航海家詹姆斯·库克船长（1728-1779）以三一节（圣灵降临节后的第一个星期日）命名三一湾。现在的凯恩斯地区是欧洲人在1876年定居的，作为霍德金森河金矿的60毫升（100公里）内陆的港口。该定居点以英国殖民地行政长官威廉·惠灵顿·凯恩斯（1828-1888）命名（19世纪70年代中期的昆士兰州长）。

In 2016, for the first time ever, a large cruise ship (the P&O Cruises Australia vessel Pacific Eden) was homeported in Cairns. In 2017, the ship's 3-month long (August-November) turaround season included a total of 113 ships and 11 roundtrip departures. The estimated impact on the region's economy was AUD 6 million (USD 4,8 million).

2016年，一艘大型邮轮（P&O 澳大利亚邮轮太平洋伊甸园号）首次在凯恩斯返航。2017年，该船为期3个月（8月至11月）的颠簸季节共有113艘船和11次往返。预计对该地区经济的影响为600万澳元（480万美元）。

In 2018, the cruise port had scheduled a total of 134 ship calls. For season 2018, the number of roundtrips was reduced to 7.

2018年，该邮轮港口共安排了134次船舶停靠。2018赛季，往返次数减少至7次。

Cairns is a major Queensland cruise port serving international (Australia and Asia based) cruise ships but also a huge fleet of Australian reef cruise vessels offering regularly scheduled departures each day. The cruise ship terminal is at a short walk distance from the downtown dining and shopping area.

凯恩斯是昆士兰的一个主要邮轮港口，为国际（澳大利亚和亚洲）邮轮提供服务，同时也是一个庞大的澳大利亚礁石邮轮船队，每天定期出发。邮轮码头距离市中心的餐饮和购物区步行很近。

The cruise port has max berthing capacity of 2 vessels at a time. Docking wharves are numbered 1 and 5, while the cruise terminal building is on wharf 2. Larger-sized cruise ships can't enter the port due to the Entrance Channel restrictions - avrg width of 90 m (295 ft), length of 10 km (6 ml), and max draft of 8,3 m (27 ft). Bigger ships anchor in open sea and their passengers are transported to the port's wharves via the ship's tender boats.

邮轮港口一次最多可停泊2艘船。停靠码头编号为1和5，而邮轮航站楼位于2号码头。由于入口航道的限制，大型邮轮无法进入港口——平均宽度为90米（295英尺），长度为10公里（6毫升），最大吃水深度为8.3米（27英尺）。较大的船只停泊在公海，他们的乘客通过船只的招标船只被运送到港口的码头。

Cairns Airport serves both domestic and international flights. The airport is located approx 5 ml (8 km) from the city.

凯恩斯机场提供国内和国际航班。机场距离城市约8公里。

Larger cruise ships anchor in Trinity Bay, and their passengers are transported via the ship's tender boats. By year 2031, Port Cairns plans to finish the USD 127 million shipping channel expansion project (deepening and widening). After project's completion, the expanded waterway will allow port access to bigger-sized ships (with max LOA length 300 m / 985 ft), with expected ~150 cruise vessels annually.

大型邮轮停泊在三一湾，其乘客通过该船的招标船只运输。到2031年，凯恩斯港计划完成1.27亿美元的航道扩建项目（深化和拓宽）。项目竣工后，扩建的水道将允许大型船舶进出港口（最大LOA长度为300米/985英尺），预计每年约150艘邮轮。

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